Fennel is a flowering perennial of the Apiaceae genus with a sweet, resinous scent that is often confused with aniseed. Traditionally used as an insect repellent, it is also a component of Royal Wedding bouquets and is used in perfumery and as a food ingredient. In Europe, it was much used in a mixture called gruit as a flavouring for beer from the Middle Ages to the 16th century, but has fallen into disuse after hops became more widely available.